Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

The thoracic cavity is the correct answer as it specifically houses vital organs crucial for respiration and circulation, namely the heart and lungs. This cavity is situated in the upper part of the trunk, bordered superiorly by the neck and inferiorly by the diaphragm.

The anatomy of the thoracic cavity includes not only the heart, contained within the pericardial sac, but also the lungs, which are situated on either side and enclosed by pleural membranes. This space also accommodates major blood vessels and structures such as the trachea and esophagus, playing a significant role in respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

In contrast, the abdominal cavity contains major digestive organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys, while the pelvic cavity primarily holds reproductive organs and parts of the digestive system. The cranial cavity is encased by the skull and houses the brain. Each of these cavities serves distinct functions, clearly defining the thoracic cavity's role in protecting and supporting the heart and lungs.